Tunisia

Carthage is defeated by the Romans, ending its status as a major power.

Arab Muslims conquer Tunisia, introducing Islam and Arabic culture.

The Ottoman Empire establishes control over Tunisia.

France conquers Tunisia, marking the beginning of French protectorate rule.

Tunisia gains independence from French colonial rule and is established as a republic.

The revolution overthrows President Ben Ali, sparking the Arab Spring.

Tunisia holds free parliamentary and presidential elections, solidifying democratization.

Under President Kais Saied, Tunisia experiences a rating drop to a hybrid regime.