Syria

Syria gained de jure independence as a parliamentary republic and joined the United Nations.

French troops withdrew from Syria, granting the nation de facto independence.

Syria entered a brief pan-Arab union with Egypt, which lasted until a coup in 1961.

The military committee of the Ba'ath Party established a one-party state and martial law in Syria.

Hafez al-Assad seized power, establishing a hereditary dictatorship in Syria.

Syria entered a multi-sided civil war following the Arab Spring, leading to a humanitarian crisis.

International intervention led to the territorial defeat of Islamic State in central and eastern Syria.

Syria's economy suffered severely after years of civil war and international sanctions.

Opposition forces captured Damascus, leading to the collapse of Assad's regime.