Europe/Western Europe
Switzerland
Bern
9.1 Mio
41 284 km²
Swiss franc
Landlocked
French, Swiss German, Italian, Romansh
Historical Events
1291 - Founding of the Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy is established as a defensive and commercial alliance.
1648 - Independence recognized
Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire is formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia.
1798 - Invasion by Revolutionary France
Revolutionary France invades Switzerland, imposing the centralist Helvetic Republic.
1803 - Restoration of the Confederation
Napoleon abolishes the Helvetic Republic and reinstates the Swiss Confederation.
1848 - New Constitution established
A new constitution is adopted, establishing the federal system and enshrining individual rights.
1815 - End of participation in international wars
Switzerland maintains a policy of armed neutrality and does not fight international wars after this year.
1964 - Joined the Council of Europe
Switzerland becomes a member of the Council of Europe.
2002 - Joined the United Nations
Switzerland becomes a member of the United Nations, further engaging in global governance.