Portugal

Portugal began taking shape as a county of the Christian Kingdom of León.

Portugal was formally recognized as a sovereign kingdom with the Manifestis Probatum.

Portugal came under Spanish rule due to a dynastic crisis, leading to its decline.

Portugal regained sovereignty, marking the start of a protracted conflict with Spain.

Brazil declared independence from Portugal, leading to a civil war in the mother country.

The monarchy was abolished following the revolution, establishing the First Republic.

Democracy was restored, ending the authoritarian regime and the Colonial War.