Mali
Historical Events
1300 - Mali Empire Peak
The Mali Empire reached its peak, becoming the wealthiest country in Africa under Emperor Mansa Musa.
1468 - Songhai Empire Absorbs Mali
The expanding Songhai Empire absorbed the Mali Empire, marking the end of its dominance.
1591 - Saadian Army Defeats Songhai
A Saadian army defeated the Songhai Empire, further altering the regional power dynamics.
1960 - Independence from France
Mali achieved independence from French colonial rule, transitioning to the Republic of Mali.
1991 - Coup and New Constitution
A coup led to the establishment of a new constitution and a democratic, multi-party state.
2012 - Conflict in Northern Mali
An armed conflict broke out as Tuareg rebels took control of northern territory and declared independence.
2013 - Operation Serval
In response to the conflict, the French military launched Operation Serval to recapture northern Mali.
2013 - Presidential Elections
Presidential elections were held, restoring a democratic process after the coup.
2020 - First Coup in Recent Turmoil
A coup led by Colonel Assimi Goïta overthrew the Mali government, initiating a period of instability.
2021 - Second Coup
A second coup took place, further consolidating military control over the government.
2025 - Junta Dissolves Political Parties
The ruling junta dissolved all political parties, tightening its grip on power.
2025 - Five-Year Presidential Term
Transitional parliament granted Colonel Goïta a renewable five-year presidential term.
2025 - Fuel Blockade by JNIM
Al-Qaeda affiliate JNIM imposed a blockade on fuel imports, causing economic disruption in major cities.