HISTORIC TIMELINE
Madagascar was first permanently settled by Austronesian peoples around the mid-first millennium CE.
Bantu groups began to arrive from East Africa, contributing to Malagasy cultural diversity.
Most of Madagascar was united under the Kingdom of Madagascar, ruled by Merina nobles.
The monarchy of Madagascar was ended with its annexation by France.
Madagascar gained independence from France, marking the beginning of self-governance.
Madagascar became a constitutional democracy, marking a significant political transformation.
A political crisis and military coup led to a transitional government in Madagascar.
Constitutional governance was restored following the transition to the fourth republic.
A series of mass protests led to a military coup, installing Michael Randrianirina as interim president.