Iran

Cyaxares united most of Iran as a nation, marking the first major political entity.

Cyrus founded the Achaemenid Empire, reaching territorial height for ancient Iran.

Alexander the Great conquered the Achaemenid Empire, initiating Hellenistic influence.

An Iranian rebellion led to the rise of the Parthian Empire after the Achaemenids.

The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthians, marking a golden age in Iranian civilization.

The Safavid dynasty unified Iran with Twelver Shia Islam as the state religion.

Reza Shah ousted the last Qajar Shah, marking a new era in Iranian governance.

The coup against Mohammad Mosaddegh solidified the Pahlavi control over Iran.

The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Islamic Republic.

Iraq invaded Iran, initiating an eight-year-long conflict that ended in stalemate.