The Srivijaya kingdom emerged as a major trade empire in Southeast Asia.
The Majapahit kingdom rose to prominence, influencing trade and culture in Indonesia.
European powers began to arrive in the Maluku Islands, initiating competition for spice trade.
The Dutch established the Dutch East India Company to control trade in Indonesia.
Indonesia declared its independence from Dutch colonial rule on 17 August.
The Netherlands officially recognized Indonesia's sovereignty in December 1949.
Suharto resigned after 31 years of rule, marking the start of democratic reforms.
Significant reforms were implemented to decentralize power and governance in Indonesia.