Iceland

Ingólfr Arnarson becomes the first permanent settler of Iceland.

Iceland's parliament, the Althing, is established, becoming one of the oldest legislative assemblies.

Iceland accedes to Norwegian rule after a period of civil strife.

Iceland joins Norway in the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden.

The Treaty of Kiel formally cedes Iceland to Denmark.

The Act of Union establishes the Kingdom of Iceland in personal union with Denmark.

Iceland votes to become a republic, ending formal ties with Denmark.

Iceland joins the Council of Europe, enhancing its international presence.

Iceland becomes a part of the European Economic Area, diversifying its economy.