The crusades led to the Christianization of the indigenous pagan population of Estonia.
Estonia declared independence from foreign rule, marking the formation of the Republic of Estonia.
Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union during World War II.
After a brief period of German occupation, Estonia was annexed into the Soviet Union.
A peaceful movement began, advocating for Estonia's independence from Soviet rule.
Estonia regained full independence from the Soviet Union on 20 August 1991.