Egypt

Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire.

Local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate.

Egypt gained independence from British rule as a monarchy.

Egypt declared itself a republic following a nationalist revolution.

Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic.

Egypt signed accords recognizing Israel in exchange for Sinai withdrawal.

The revolution led to the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak.

Military overthrew the government of Mohamed Morsi after mass protests.

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was elected as president, establishing a semi-presidential republic.