Brazil

Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal, marking the beginning of European colonization.

Brazil is elevated to the rank of a united kingdom with Portugal after the Portuguese court relocates to Rio de Janeiro.

Prince Pedro of Braganza declares Brazil's independence from Portugal, establishing the Empire of Brazil.

Brazil's first constitution is enacted, creating a bicameral legislature and establishing civil rights.

Brazil becomes the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, marking a significant social change.

Brazil transitions from an empire to a presidential republic following a military coup d'état.

An armed revolution ends the First Republic, bringing Getúlio Vargas to power.

Vargas assumes dictatorial powers, initiating the Estado Novo and leading Brazil into World War II.

Democracy is restored in Brazil after Vargas is ousted from power.

An authoritarian military dictatorship takes power, supported by the United States, lasting until 1985.

Brazil enacts its current constitution, defining the country as a democratic federal republic.